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Q48SK12018 Datasheet by Delta Electronics
AISELTII
Delta E‘ectromcs. Inc
DATASHEET
DS_Q48SK12018_01062011
APPLICATIONS
Telecom / Datacom
Wireless Networks
Optical Network Equipment
Server and Data Storage
Industrial / Testing Equipment
OPTIONS
Latched over current protection
Positive On/Off logic
Heat spreader available for
extended operation.
FEATURES
High efficiency : 94.7% @ 12V/18A
Size:
57.9x36.8x11.2mm (2.28”x1.45”x0.44”)
(w/o heat spreader)
57.9*36.8*12.7mm(2.28”*1.45”0.50”)
(with heat spreader)
Standard footprint
Industry standard pin out
Fixed frequency operation
Input UVLO, Output OCP, OVP, OTP
Hiccup output over current protection
(OCP)
Hiccup output over voltage protection
(OVP)
Auto recovery OTP and UVLO
2250V isolation and basic insulation
No minimum load required
ISO 9001, TL 9000, ISO 14001, QS9000,
OHSAS18001 certified manufacturing
facility
UL/cUL 60950-1 (US & Canada)
recognized
Delphi Series Q48SK, Quarter Brick Family
DC/DC Power Modules:
36~75V in, 12V/18A out, 216W
The Delphi series Q48SK12018, quarter brick, 36~75V input, single output,
isolated DC/DC converter is the latest offering from a world leader in power
system and technology and manufacturing ― Delta Electronics, Inc. This
product provides up to 216 watts of power in an industry standard footprint
and pin out. With creative design technology and optimization of component
placement, these converters possess outstanding electrical and thermal
performances, as well as extremely high reliability under highly stressful
operating conditions. The Q48SK12018 12V offers more than 94.7% high
efficiency at 18A full load. The Q48SK12018 is fully protected from abnormal
input/output voltage, current, and temperature conditions and meets all
safety requirements with basic insulation.
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DS_Q48SK12018_01062011
2
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
(TA=25°C, airflow rate=300 LFM, Vin=48Vdc, nominal Vout unless otherwise noted;
PARAMETER NOTES and CONDITIONS Q48SK12018 (Standard)
Min. Typ. Max. Units
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage
Continuous 80 Vdc
Transient 100ms 100 Vdc
Operating Case Temperature (Without heat spreader) Refer to figure 18 for measuring point -40 121 °C
Operating Case Temperature (With heat spreader) Refer to figure 20 for measuring point -40 112 °C
Storage Temperature -55 125 °C
Input/Output Isolation Voltage 2250 Vdc
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Operating Input Voltage 36 48 75 Vdc
Input Under-Voltage Lockout
Turn-On Voltage Threshold 32.0 34.0 36.0 Vdc
Turn-Off Voltage Threshold 30.0 32.0 34.0 Vdc
Lockout Hysteresis Voltage 2 Vdc
Maximum Input Current 100% Load, 36Vin 9 A
No-Load Input Current Vin=48V, Io=0A 150 mA
Off Converter Input Current Vin=48V, Io=0A 10 mA
Inrush Current (I2t) 1 A2s
Input Reflected-Ripple Current P-P thru 12µH inductor, 5Hz to 20MHz 10 mA
Input Voltage Ripple Rejection 120 Hz -30 dB
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Set Point Vin=48V, Io=0, Tc=25°C 11.4 11.7 12.0 Vdc
Output Voltage Regulation
Over Load Vin=48V, Io=Io,min to Io,max ±30 ±80 mV
Over Line Vin=36V to 75V, Io=Io min ±50 mV
Over Temperature Vin=48V , Tc=-40°C to 85°C ±100 mV
Total Output Voltage Range over sample load, line and temperature 11.2 12.0 Vdc
Output Voltage Ripple and Noise 5Hz to 20MHz bandwidth
Peak-to-Peak Full Load, 1µF ceramic, 10µF tantalum 120 mV
RMS Full Load, 1µF ceramic, 10µF tantalum 50 mV
Operating Output Current Range 0 18 A
Output DC Current-Limit Inception Output Voltage 10% Low 110 140 %
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Current Transient 48V, 10µF Tan & 100µF Ceramic load cap, 0.1A/µs
Positive Step Change in Output Current 50% Io.max to 75% Io.max 300 mV
Negative Step Change in Output Current 75% Io.max to 50% Io.max 300 mV
Settling Time (within 1% Vout nominal) 300 µs
Turn-On Transient
Start-Up Time, From On/Off Control 70 ms
Start-Up Time, From Input 80 ms
Maximum Output Capacitance Low ESR CAP (OSCON), 100% Load; 6000 µF
EFFICIENCY
100% Load Vin=48V 94.7 %
60% Load Vin=48V 94.5 %
ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS
Input to Output 2250 Vdc
Isolation Resistance 10 MΩ
Isolation Capacitance 1000 pF
FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS
Switching Frequency 160 kHz
ON/OFF Control, Negative Remote On/Off logic
Logic Low (Module On) Von/off at Ion/off=1.0mA 0 0.8 V
Logic High (Module Off) Von/off at Ion/off=0.0 µA 2 50 V
ON/OFF Control, Positive Remote On/Off logic
Logic Low (Module Off) Von/off at Ion/off=1.0mA 0 0.8 V
Logic High (Module On) Von/off at Ion/off=0.0 µA 2 50 V
ON/OFF Current (for both remote on/off logic) Ion/off at Von/off=0.0V 1 mA
Leakage Current (for both remote on/off logic) Logic High, Von/off=15V 50 uA
Output Over-Voltage Protection Over full temp range; % of nominal Vout 115 140 %
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
MTBF(without heat spreader) Io=80% of Io, max; Tc=25°C;Airflow=300LFM 3.49 M hours
Weight(without heat spreader) 50.5 grams
Weight(with heat spreader) 65.5 grams
Over-Temperature Shutdown ( Without heat spreader) Refer to figure 18 for measuring point 127 °C
Over-Temperature Shutdown (With heat spreader) Refer to figure 20 for measuring point 121 °C
DS_Q48SK12018_01062011
3
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
02468101214161820
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
EFFICIENCY (%)
36V 48V 75V
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
LOSS (W)
36V 48V 75V
Figure 1: Efficiency vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and
maximum input voltage at 85°C.
Figure 2: Power dissipation vs. load current for minimum,
nominal, and maximum input voltage at 85°C.
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT CURRENT (A)
Figure 3: Typical full load input characteristics at room
temperature.
DS_Q48SK12018_01062011
4
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES
For Negative Remote On/Off Logic
Figure 4: Turn-on transient at zero load current) (20ms/div).
Top Trace: Vout; 5V/div; Bottom Trace: ON/OFF input: 2V/div. Figure 5: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (20
ms/div). Top Trace: Vout: 5V/div; Bottom Trace: ON/OFF input:
2V/div.
For Input Voltage Start up
Figure 6: Turn-on transient at zero load current (20 ms/div).
Top Trace: Vout; 5V/div; Bottom Trace: input voltage: 30V/div.
Figure 7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (20
ms/div). Top Trace: Vout; 5V/div; Bottom Trace: input voltage:
30V/div.
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES
Figure 8: Output voltage response to step-change in load
current (75%-50% of Io, max; di/dt = 0.1A/µs). Load cap: 10µF,
tantalum capacitor and 1µF ceramic capacitor. Top Trace: Vout;
100mV/div; Bottom Trace: output current: 10A/div; Time:
200us/div
Figure 9: Output voltage response to step-change in load
current (50%-75% of Io, max; di/dt = 0.1A/µs). Load cap: 10µF,
tantalum capacitor and 1µF ceramic capacitor. Top Trace: Vout;
100mV/div; Bottom Trace: output current: 10A/div; Time:
200us/div
Figure 10: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points
for Input Terminal Ripple Current and Input Reflected Ripple
Current.
Note: Measured input reflected-ripple current with a simulated
source Inductance (LTEST) of 12 µH. Capacitor Cs offset
possible battery impedance. Measure current as shown above.
Figure 11: Input Terminal Ripple Current, ic, at full rated output
current and nominal input voltage with 12µH source impedance
and 33µF electrolytic capacitor (200 mA/div
，
2us/div).
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES
Figure 12: Input reflected ripple current, is, through a 12µH
source inductor at nominal input voltage and rated load current
(20 mA/div
，
2us/div).
Figure 13: Output voltage noise and ripple measurement test
setup.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 4 8 12162024
OUTPUT CURREN (A)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 14: Output voltage ripple at nominal input voltage and
rated load current (Io=18A)(20 mV/div, 2us/div)
Load capacitance: 1µF ceramic capacitor and 10µF tantalum
capacitor. Bandwidth: 20 MHz.
Figure 15: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical
current limit curves and converter shutdown points.
DS_Q48SK12018_01062011
7
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Input Source Impedance
The impedance of the input source connecting to the
DC/DC power modules will interact with the modules
and affect the stability. A low ac-impedance input source
is recommended. If the source inductance is more than
a few µH, we advise adding a 10µF to 100µF electrolytic
capacitor (ESR < 0.7 Ω at 100 kHz) mounted close to
the input of the module to improve the stability.
Layout and EMC Considerations
Delta’s DC/DC power modules are designed to operate
in a wide variety of systems and applications. For design
assistance with EMC compliance and related PWB
layout issues, please contact Delta’s technical support
team. An external input filter module is available for
easier EMC compliance design. Application notes to
assist designers in addressing these issues are pending
release.
Safety Considerations
The power module must be installed in compliance with
the spacing and separation requirements of the
end-user’s safety agency standard, i.e., UL60950-1,
CAN/CSA-C22.2, No. 60950-1 and EN60950-1+A11 and
IEC60950-1, if the system in which the power module is
to be used must meet safety agency requirements.
Basic insulation based on 75 Vdc input is provided
between the input and output of the module for the
purpose of applying insulation requirements when the
input to this DC-to-DC converter is identified as TNV-2
or SELV. An additional evaluation is needed if the
source is other than TNV-2 or SELV.
When the input source is SELV circuit, the power module
meets SELV (safety extra-low voltage) requirements. If
the input source is a hazardous voltage which is greater
than 60 Vdc and less than or equal to 75 Vdc, for the
module’s output to meet SELV requirements, all of the
following must be met:
The input source must be insulated from the ac
mains by reinforced or double insulation.
The input terminals of the module are not operator
accessible.
If the metal baseplate is grounded, the output must
be also grounded.
A SELV reliability test is conducted on the system
where the module is used, in combination with the
module, to ensure that under a single fault,
hazardous voltage does not appear at the module’s
output.
When installed into a Class II equipment (without
grounding), spacing consideration should be given to
the end-use installation, as the spacing between the
module and mounting surface have not been evaluated.
The power module has extra-low voltage (ELV) outputs
when all inputs are ELV.
This power module is not internally fused. To achieve
optimum safety and system protection, an input line fuse
is highly recommended. The safety agencies require a
normal-blow fuse with 30A maximum rating to be
installed in the ungrounded lead. A lower rated fuse can
be used based on the maximum inrush transient energy
and maximum input current.
Soldering and Cleaning Considerations
Post solder cleaning is usually the final board assembly
process before the board or system undergoes electrical
testing. Inadequate cleaning and/or drying may lower the
reliability of a power module and severely affect the
finished circuit board assembly test. Adequate cleaning
and/or drying is especially important for un-encapsulated
and/or open frame type power modules. For assistance
on appropriate soldering and cleaning procedures,
please contact Delta’s technical support team.
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DS_Q48SK12018_01062011
8
FEATURES DESCRIPTIONS
Over-Current Protection
The modules include an internal output over-current
protection circuit, which will endure current limiting for
an unlimited duration during output overload. If the
output current exceeds the OCP set point, the modules
will automatically shut down (hiccup mode).
The modules will try to restart after shutdown. If the
overload condition still exists, the module will shut down
again. This restart trial will continue until the overload
condition is corrected.
Over-Voltage Protection
The modules include an internal output over-voltage
protection circuit, which monitors the voltage on the
output terminals. If this voltage exceeds the
over-voltage set point, the protection circuit will
constrain the max duty cycle to limit the output voltage, if
the output voltage continuously increases the modules
will shut down, and then restart after a hiccup-time
(hiccup mode).
Over-Temperature Protection
The over-temperature protection consists of circuitry
that provides protection from thermal damage. If the
temperature exceeds the over-temperature threshold
the module will shut down. The module will restart after
the temperature is within specification.
Remote On/Off
The remote on/off feature on the module can be either
negative or positive logic. Negative logic turns the
module on during a logic low and off during a logic high.
Positive logic turns the modules on during a logic high
and off during a logic low.
Remote on/off can be controlled by an external switch
between the on/off terminal and the Vi (-) terminal. The
switch can be an open collector or open drain.
For negative logic if the remote on/off feature is not
used, please short the on/off pin to Vi (-). For positive
logic if the remote on/off feature is not used, please
leave the on/off pin to floating.
Figure 16: Remote on/off implementation
DS_Q48SK12018_01062011
9
THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS
Thermal management is an important part of the system
design. To ensure proper, reliable operation, sufficient
cooling of the power module is needed over the entire
temperature range of the module. Convection cooling is
usually the dominant mode of heat transfer.
Hence, the choice of equipment to characterize the
thermal performance of the power module is a wind
tunnel.
Thermal Testing Setup
Delta’s DC/DC power modules are characterized in
heated vertical wind tunnels that simulate the thermal
environments encountered in most electronics
equipment. This type of equipment commonly uses
vertically mounted circuit cards in cabinet racks in which
the power modules are mounted.
The following figure shows the wind tunnel
characterization setup. The power module is mounted
on a test PWB and is vertically positioned within the
wind tunnel. The space between the neighboring PWB
and the top of the power module is constantly kept at
6.35mm (0.25’’).
Note: Wind Tunnel Test Setup Figure Dimensions are in millimeters and (Inches)
12.7 (0.5”)
MODULE
A
IR FLOW
50.8
(
2.0”
)
FACING PWB PWB
A
IR VELOCIT
Y
A
ND AMBIEN
T
TEMPERATURE
MEASURED BELOW
THE MODULE
Figure 17: Wind tunnel test setup
Thermal Derating
Heat can be removed by increasing airflow over the
module. To enhance system reliability, the power
module should always be operated below the maximum
operating temperature. If the temperature exceeds the
maximum module temperature, reliability of the unit may
be affected.
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DS_Q48SK12018_01062011
10
THERMAL CURVES
(WITH HEAT SPREADER)
Figure 20: Temperature measurement location
* The allowed maximum hot spot temperature is defined at 112
℃
Q48SK12018(Standard) Output Current vs. Ambient Temperature and Air Velocity
@Vin = 48V (Transverse Orientation;With Heatspreader)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Ambient Temperature (℃)
Output Current(A)
Natural
Convection
100LFM
200LFM
300LFM
Figure 21: Output current vs. ambient temperature and air
velocity @Vin=48V(Transverse Orientation, with heat spreader)
THERMAL CURVES
(WITHOUT HEAT SPREADER)
Figure 18: Temperature measurement location
* The allowed maximum hot spot temperature is defined at 121
℃
Q48SK12018(Standard) Output Current vs. Ambient Temperature and Air Velocity
@Vin = 48V (Transverse Orientation)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Ambient Temperature (℃)
Output Current(A)
Natural
Convection
100LFM
200LFM
300LFM
400LFM
500LFM
Figure 19: Output current vs. ambient temperature and air
velocity @Vin=48V(Transverse Orientation, without heat
spreader)
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11
MECHANICAL DRAWING (WITH HEAT SPREADER)
* For modules with through-hole pins and the optional heatspreader, they are intended for wave soldering assembly
onto system boards; please do not subject such modules through reflow temperature profile.
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MECHANICAL DRAWING (WITHOUT HEAT SPREADER)
Pin No. Name Function
1
2
3
4
5
6
+Vin
ON/OFF
Case
-Vin
-Vout
+Vout
Positive input voltage
Remote ON/OFF
Optional
Negative input voltage
Negative output voltage
Positive output voltage
Pin Specification:
Pins 1-4 1.00mm (0.040”) diameter
Pins 5 &6 1.50mm (0.059”) diameter
All pins are copper with Tin plating.
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DS_Q48SK12018_01062011
13
PART NUMBERING SYSTEM
Q 48 S K 120 18 N R F A
Form
Factor
Input
Voltage
Number of
Outputs
Product
Series
Output
Voltage
Output
Current
ON/OFF
Logic
Pin
Length
Option Code
Q - Quarter
Brick
48-36V~75V S - Single K- QB high
power
series
120 - 12V 18 - 18A
N - Negative
P - Positive
R - 0.170”
N - 0.146”
K - 0.110”
F- RoHS 6/6
(Lead Free)
Space- RoHS5/6
A - Std. Functions
without case pin
H-with heat spreader
and case pin
N- with heat spreader
without case pin
MODEL LIST
MODEL NAME INPUT OUTPUT EFF @ 100% LOAD
Q48SK12018NRFH 36V~75V 9A 12V 18A 94.7%
Q48SK12018NRFA 36V~75V 9A 12V 18A 94.7%
Default remote on/off logic is negative and pin length is 0.170”
For different remote on/off logic and pin length, please refer to part numbering system above or contact your local sales
* For modules with through-hole pins and the optional heatspreader, they are intended for wave soldering assembly
onto system boards; please do not subject such modules through reflow temperature profile.
CONTACT: www.delta.com.tw/dcdc
USA:
Telephone:
East Coast: (888) 335 8201
West Coast: (888) 335 8208
Fax: (978) 656 3964
Email: DCDC@delta-corp.com
Europe:
Phone: +41 31 998 53 11
Fax: +41 31 998 53 53
Email: DCDC@delta-es.com
Asia & the rest of world:
Telephone: +886 3 4526107
ext 6220~6224
Fax: +886 3 4513485
Email: DCDC@delta.com.tw
WARRANTY
Delta offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our web site or is available upon
request from Delta.
Information furnished by Delta is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Delta for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties, which may result from its use. No license is granted
by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Delta. Delta reserves the right to revise these specifications
at any time, without notice.
